Ka wai kai mai lalo o ka honua

ʻOi aku ka nui o ka paʻakai o ka wai paʻakai ma lalo o ka honua ma mua o ka wai kai, ʻoi aku ka nui ma kahi o 30%, ʻo ia hoʻi ma lalo o ka palena solubility. Eia hou, ʻo ka paʻakai maʻamau ka mea nui. He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka pH waiwai (i lalo ma kahi o 4), ʻo ia hoʻi, he ʻakika ka wai. ʻOiai he haʻahaʻa loa ka maʻiʻo o ka oxygen a ʻaʻole i loaʻa, hiki i ka H₂S maʻiʻo ke nui i kahi mau haneli milligrams no ka lita.

ʻO ia ʻano paʻakai ʻakika e loaʻa ana i ka H₂S he mea ʻino loa a kāhea i nā mea kūikawā.

Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka paʻakai paʻakai a ma muli o nā kūlana hana, pono kekahi e manaʻo i kahi pae o ka ua paʻakai. Ma ia mau hihia, pono e lawe ʻia nā mea kūpono e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā, ka hana a me ke koho ʻana i nā mea.

Ka ʻino i ka wai kai

ʻAʻole wale nā ​​mea i hoʻohana ʻia e hōʻike i ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻino ʻaʻahu like ʻole, akā pū kekahi me ka corrosion kūloko, ʻo ia hoʻi ka corrosion pitting a me crevice. ʻIke ʻia kēlā ʻano ʻino ʻino me ka selfpassivating ferro alloys (stainless steels). ʻO nā pumps 'standby' i kapa ʻia, ka mea e hana wale ʻia i ka manawa pōkole, e holo i ka pilikia o ka ʻino ʻana; ʻO ke kahe ʻana me ka wai hou ma mua o ka pani ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻomaka ʻana i kēlā me kēia manawa he mea maikaʻi.

ʻO nā ʻano like ʻolepamu wai kaipono e hana ʻia nā ʻāpana mai nā mea like ʻole i mea e pale aku ai i ka galvanic corrosion. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa like ʻole ma waena o nā mea ponoʻī e like me ka haʻahaʻa. Eia naʻe, inā pono e hoʻohana ʻia nā mea like ʻole no nā kumu hoʻolālā, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻili o ka metala liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ka wai i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā metala hanohano. Hōʻike ka Figure 5 i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka pōʻino o ka galvanic corrosion ke hui ʻia nā ʻano mea like ʻole.

Hiki i nā velocities kiʻekiʻe ke alakaʻi i ka erosion corrosion. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o nā hopena, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka waena, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona wikiwiki. ʻOiai e pili ana ka kahe kahe i ke ʻano o nā kila kila a me nā nickel alloys i kahi degere liʻiliʻi wale nō, ua hoʻohuli ʻia ke kūlana kahi i komo ai nā mea hao ʻole a me nā mea hao keleawe. Hāʻawi ka Figure 6 i ka ʻike qualitative e pili ana i ka mana o nā kahe kahe. Pono e noʻonoʻo pono inā loaʻa ka oxygen a i ʻole H₂S i loko o ka medium. ʻO ka nui o ka H₂S e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hele ʻana o ka oxygen; i loko o ia mau hihia, ua liʻiliʻi ka ʻawaʻawa, a hiki i ka pH o 4.

Loko waiwai

Hāʻawi ka Papa 1 i nā manaʻo no nā mea paila a i ʻole kā lākou hui ʻana. Inā ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia, pili kēia ʻike no ka wai kai me ka ʻole o ka H₂S maʻiʻo.

ʻO ke kila kila a me ka hao hao

ʻAʻole kūpono ke kila kila no ka wai kai, ke ʻole e hāʻawi ʻia me kahi pale pale kūpono. Hoʻohana wale ʻia ka hao hao no nā velocities haʻahaʻa (hiki i nā pahu pahu); i kēia hihia, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka pale cathodic maʻamau o nā mea kūloko ʻē aʻe.

Austenitic Ni-castings

He kūpono wale nō ka Ni-Resist 1 a me 2 no ka wikiwiki waena (a hiki i ka 20 m/s).